Mode of air transportation(charter airline- flight- Combined transportation)

Ⅰ. Flight transportation

A flight refers to an aircraft that sails regularly, has a fixed route, a fixed departure station, a fixed destination port, and a fixed transit station. General airlines use combination carriers On the one hand, it carries passengers, and on the other hand, it carries a small amount of goods. However, some larger airlines have opened regular cargo flights on some flights, using all cargo carriers for transportation.

Characteristics of flight transportation:

1. Due to fixed routes, fixed ports of call and regular flights, flights are often used in international cargo circulation, which can safely and quickly reach all space destinations in the world. 　

2. It is convenient for the consignee and consignor to accurately grasp the time of shipment and arrival of goods, which is very beneficial to the transportation of urgently needed goods, fresh and perishable goods and valuable goods in the market.

3. Flight transportation is generally mixed passenger and cargo. Therefore, due to the limited space, large quantities of goods cannot be shipped in time, and they often need to be transported by stages and batches. This is the inadequacy of flight transportation.

Ⅱ. Chartered carrier

The mode of transportation by chartered aircraft can be divided into two categories: whole chartered aircraft and partial chartered aircraft.

1. Whole package aircraft

(1) That is, chartering the whole aircraft means that the airline leases the whole aircraft to the charterer according to the conditions and fees agreed with the charterer in advance, and ships goods from one or several airports to the destination. 　

(2) Generally, the charterer should contact the airline one month before the cargo is loaded, so that the airline can arrange the transportation, apply to the airport of departure and landing and relevant government departments, and handle the relevant procedures of transit or entry. 　

(3) The cost of charter flights: one discussion at a time, which changes with the supply and demand of the international market. In principle, the charter freight is charged at the fixed rate per flight kilometer, and the air release fee is charged at 80% of the cost per flight kilometer. Therefore, when using charter flights for large quantities of goods, we should strive to have cargo on the return journey, so the cost is relatively low. Only one-way is used, and the freight is relatively high. 　

2. Some chartered flights

(1) Several air cargo companies or shippers jointly charter an aircraft, or the airline sells the space of an aircraft to several air cargo companies to load goods. That is, some chartered flights. It is used to consign less than a whole aircraft cabin. But the freight volume is heavy. 　

(2) Comparison of some chartered flights and flights +

① The time is longer than that of the pilot on duty. Although some chartered flights have a fixed schedule, they often fail to take off on time for other reasons; 　

② In order to protect the interests of domestic airlines, governments often impose various restrictions on foreign airlines engaged in charter business. For example, the range of activities of the chartered plane is relatively narrow, and the landing place is limited. If you need to land at a place other than the designated place, you must apply to the relevant departments of the local government for permission before landing (such as applying for entry, passing through the airspace and landing place). 　

3. Advantages of chartered flights

⑴Solve the contradiction of insufficient flight positions. 　

⑵All the goods are transported by chartered plane, which saves time and many times of delivery procedures. 　

⑶Make up for the lack of direct flights, and there is no transfer. two

⑷Reduce cargo damage, shortage or loss.

⑸Ease the flight tension during the peak air transportation season.

⑹Solve the transportation problems of seafood and live animals.

Ⅲ. Consolidation

1. Concept of centralized consignment

It is the practice to collect several goods shipped separately and to the same direction as one ticket, fill in a master waybill and ship them to the same destination.

2. Specific methods of centralized consignment

(1) Prepare air transport separate waybills for each cargo, that is, issue the waybill HAWB (house airport bill) of the freight forwarder. 　

(2) All goods are divided into different directions, and the airline's master waybill (MAWB) is formulated according to the same country and city with the same destination. The consignor and consignee of the master waybill are both air freight forwarders. 　

(3) Print out the manifest under the total waybill, that is, the quantity, number, number of pieces, weight, etc. of the waybill. 　

(4) Give the master waybill and freight list to the airline as a whole bill of goods. A master waybill can be attached with a separate waybill (it can also be a separate waybill or multiple separate waybills) depending on the specific situation of the goods. For example, if there are 10 HAWBs in one MAWB, it means that there are 10 tickets in this master waybill, which will be sent to 10 different consignees. 　

(5) After the goods arrive at the airport of the destination station, the local freight forwarding company, as the consignee of the master waybill, is responsible for receiving and distributing the goods, formulating their own customs declaration documents according to different sub waybills, and making customs declaration on behalf of them, so as to handle the relevant receiving and customs affairs for the actual consignee.

(6) After the actual consignee signs on the sub waybill, the destination freight forwarding company will feed back the arrival information to the shipping freight forwarding company. 　

3. Restrictions on centralized shipping

(1) Centralized consignment is only suitable for handling ordinary goods. For goods with graded freight rates, such as valuables, dangerous goods, live animals and cultural relics, centralized consignment cannot be handled. 　

(2) If the destination is the same or nearby, it can be handled. If it is in a certain country or region, others should not be handled. For example, the goods to Japan cannot be sent to Europe. 　

4. Characteristics of centralized consignment

(1) Save freight: the centralized freight rate of air freight companies is generally lower than that of the Aviation Association. Shippers can get lower freight rates than airlines, thereby saving costs. 　

(2) Convenience: the centralized consignment of goods can make the goods arrive at places other than the arrival place of the airline, which extends the service of the airline and facilitates the cargo owner. 　

(3) Early settlement of foreign exchange: after the consignor hands over the goods to the air freight forwarder, he can obtain the goods distribution bill, and can handle the settlement of foreign exchange at the bank as soon as possible with the distribution bill. 　

Centralized shipping has been widely carried out all over the world, forming a relatively perfect and effective service system, which has played a good role in promoting the development of international trade and international scientific, technological and cultural exchanges. Centralized consignment has become one of the main modes of transportation for China's import and export goods.

Ⅳ. Intermodal mode

1. Concept of combined transport mode

Land air combined transportation is a combined transportation mode of train, aircraft and truck. It is abbreviated as Tat (train air truck), or the combined transportation mode of train and aircraft, or TA (train air). 　

2. Combined transportation mode of domestic export goods

China's export goods by air are usually transported by land and air because of its vast territory. The international air ports mainly include Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc. Although the provincial capital cities and some major cities have flights to Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou every day, the volume of cargo carried by flights is limited and the cost is relatively high. If domestic charter flights are used, the cost is more expensive. Therefore, when the cargo volume is large, it is often transported by land to the air port, and then connected with international flights. Due to the flexible characteristics of cars, they can take the initiative in the delivery time, so the "tat" method is generally used to organize the shipment. 　

3. Specific practices of Sinotrans branch

At present, China's Sinotrans branch in the south of the Yangtze River handles land air intermodal transportation. The specific method is to transport the goods to Hong Kong by train, truck or ship, and then use the conditions of many flights in Hong Kong and low freight rates to European and American countries (common goods) to transport the goods from Hong Kong to the destination, or to the transit place, and then send them to the destination by truck through the local agent. Companies north of the Yangtze River mostly use trains or trucks to send goods to Beijing and Shanghai air ports for shipment.